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·            PROVOCATION TESTS 1.        GAENSLEN’S TEST: The gaenslen’s test stresses the sacroiliac joint, increased pain on the joint while performing the test is indicative of the sacroiliac joint dysfunction. -           The patient in lying on the couch in a side lying position with the affected leg hyperextended (hanging outside the couch). Patient flexes the other leg and holds knee to chest. The therapist stabilizes the pelvis while the extending the hip by holding it from distal thigh. The pain in the sacroiliac joint may be caused due to a sacroiliac joint pathology, lesion or dysfunction. -           The patient is lying supine (this position limits the amount of hyperextension at the hip) the affected leg is hanging out of the couch, the therapist puts one hand on the hyperextended leg from distal thigh and the other hand on the flexed knee of the opposite leg and apply pressure to both the legs (a downwards pressure on the hyperextended limb and a knee to

OSTEOARTHRITIS -Osteoarthritis is one of the most common degenerative joint disease causing pain in certain large joints of the body, like shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle. it is a condition of synovial joint (the joint containing synovial fluid), however" INFLAMMATION is NOT a PROMINENT FEATURE" of the condition. -The condition of osteoarthritis results in symptomatic joint failure.    EPIDEMIOLOGY: -The condition rises in prevalence from the age of 30.  -Most commonly occurring in the age of 30 and above. -The joints which are more prone to the disease are the hip and the knee joints. -Women are affected more as compared to men. (Hip joint equally affected in men and women). -occupational risk factors also play an important role in the occurrence, such as farmers are more prone to hip OA, football players are more prone to knee OA. ETIOLOGY: -Mechanical factors -Metabolic factors -Trauma -Obesity -Smoking -Gender -Genetics -Usag